The long and lazy summer days may become significantly shorter for some students nationwide if proponents of longer school years get their way. More schools are examining how to add days to the school year by lengthening the current school day or shortening summer vacation. Those in favor of more school time say the change is necessary to avoid many schoolchildren's academic challenges during the long summer months. Opponents argue that reducing summer vacation strips children of the needed respite from the academic grind and the opportunity for more in-depth learning opportunities. While both sides may have a legitimate point to make, the debate may be won by those with the most educational and political clout.
This video from NPR discusses the pros and cons of ditching the long summer break.
Education Secretary Leads the Charge
Education Secretary Arne Duncan is one of the biggest proponents for more school time. Duncan told the Washington Times it should be no surprise that American students are falling behind their counterparts across the globe who attend school in countries not bound by a 180-day school year. Duncan noted in the New York Times that the original 180-day school year was based on the agrarian economy, where children were expected to help in the fields during the summer months. That model is no longer accurate for today’s educational environment or the future workforce.
“If we’re serious about closing achievement gaps – we can’t keep doing business as usual,” Duncan said in the Washington Times. “Right now, children in India, children in China and other places, they’re going to school 30, 35 days more than our students. If you’re on a sports team and you’re practicing three days a week and the other team is practicing five days a week, who will win more?”
This video spells out the case against a long summer break.
Duncan said the additional time in the classroom could be used in several ways – from enrichment activities to tutoring for students who need extra help. The key to a successful extension of an academic year is to ensure the focus is on better preparing students to meet the needs of a 21st-century workforce. While democrats and republicans on the Hill mostly agree on more time in school, the idea is slow to catch on in districts nationwide.
Adding Incentives for States
Although many have been slow to embrace the idea of longer school years, states may be incentivized to take another look at the idea. Last fall, President Obama opened the door for states to request waivers from the No Child Left Behind Act by providing detailed reform plans. Education specialists have encouraged states to make extended school years a part of those reform plans to raise test scores and improve learning time. The Education Department and Secretary Duncan must approve waivers.
Despite the waiver incentive, many states were reluctant to add a more extended school year to the proposal. The problem, in part, could be the overwhelming opposition some school districts have faced from parents, teachers, and students when a more extended school year was considered. There is also the issue of funding, which is still a challenge for many cash-strapped states trying to make ends meet. However, offering incentives from the federal level will undoubtedly force schools and states to continue weighing the options.
What does the Data Say?
While research on longer school years is still scant at this point, there is data to support the idea that long summer breaks lead to learning loss, dubbed the “summer slide” by some educators. The Houston Chronicle reports that the National Summer Learning Association cites decades of research that shows test scores among students are higher at the beginning of the summer than at the end. The only students who did not experience the slide were the top achieving students – usually those in the gifted or accelerated programs who tend to learn in any situation.
Students who fare the worst tend to be those in low-income families, where learning opportunities during the summer months are scarce if they exist at all. Research reported by CNN suggests that the widening achievement gap between high- and low-income students throughout their school careers can be attributed to the summer slide. The report cites Balsz Elementary School in Phoenix as an example. When the school extended its school year to 200 days, test scores rose, failure rates fell, and the achievement gap narrowed significantly.
This video asks whether students would prefer a longer winter or summer break.
In addition, the Houston Chronicle reports that a three-year pilot project will be launched this year in five states. Colorado, Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, and Tennessee will add a minimum of 300 classroom hours to academic calendars in 40 schools. The change will impact around 20,000 students and give educators additional data to study to determine whether more school time equals better academic performance. If the data is positive, the evidence may be more incentive for states to consider extending the school year for the sake of a better education.
At this point, the number of schools and school districts ready and willing to extend the school day is still few and far between. However, as more data is collected on the academic performance of students who spend more time in the classroom, perhaps the perception of those long and lazy summer days will begin to transform into more productive school days.
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